Fully Integrated Frequency Synthesizers: a Tutorial
نویسندگان
چکیده
Frequency synthesizer is a key building block of fully-integrated wireless communications systems. Design of a frequency synthesizer (FS) requires the understanding of not only the circuit-level but also of the transceiver system-level considerations. The FS design challenge involves strong trade-offs, and often conflicting requirements. In this tutorial, the general implementation issues and recent developments of frequency synthesizer design are discussed. Simplified design approach should provide readers with sufficient intuition for fast design and troubleshooting capability. Open problems in this FS field are briefly discussed.
منابع مشابه
A-New-Closed-form-Mathematical-Approach-to-Achieve Minimum Phase Noise in Frequency Synthesizers
The aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. For this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. Then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. Based on this formula, the phase ...
متن کاملDigital-Intensive Wideband RF Frequency Synthesizers
The evolution of CMOS technology demands new approaches to implement radio-frequency integrated circuits. This paper presents two digital-intensive frequency synthesizers implemented in 65-nm CMOS: a digital period frequency synthesizer and an all-digital phase-locked loop. The experimental circuits cover frequency ranges of 0.1 4.3 GHz and 2.7 6.1 GHz.
متن کاملNonlinear Effects In Oscillators and Synthesizers (Invited)
-The proposed paper shows existing problems in VCOs and synthesizers due to the nonlinearities in the active devices and external integrated circuits. This paper proposes a design guidance on how to minimize such effects in oscillators by using nonlinear, rather than linear, tools. In synthesizers, the reference frequency and its harmonics will mix with the output frequency in the phase detect...
متن کاملControl Interfaces for RF and Microwave Frequency Synthesizers
Frequency synthesizers come in a variety of forms ranging from tiny PLL chips and moderate-size modules to bench-top signal generators [1-5]. Single-chip synthesizers are available in a die form or as surface-mount integrated circuits. They include key elements (such as RF and reference dividers, phase detector, lock indicator, etc.) required to build a simple single-loop PLL synthesizer. More ...
متن کاملIntegrated Radio Frequency Synthesizers for Wireless Applications
This thesis consists of six publications and an overview of the research topic, which is also a summary of the work. The research described in this thesis concentrates on the design of phase-locked loop radio frequency synthesizers for wireless applications. In particular, the focus is on the implementation of the prescaler, the phase detector, and the chargepump. This work reviews the requirem...
متن کامل